MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING DAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN PAI DI SMPN 1 BUAY MADANG TIMUR

Ira Yuli Utari, NIM.: 21204012039 (2025) MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING DAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN PAI DI SMPN 1 BUAY MADANG TIMUR. Masters thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

Critical thinking is an important skill that can be developed through the education system, as humans are not born critical thinkers but develop it through continuous learning and practice. However, the reality on the ground shows that students' critical thinking skills in Indonesia are still relatively low. Observations at SMP 1 Buay Madang Timur, South Sumatra, showed that in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning, many seventh-grade students still scored below the Minimum Passing Criteria (KKM) on daily tests, which was partly due to students' low critical thinking skills in understanding and analyzing learning materials. Selecting an appropriate learning model is a crucial factor in empowering students' critical thinking skills, and several previous studies have shown that discovery learning models are effective in improving critical thinking skills. However, most of these studies were conducted on general subjects such as science and mathematics, while empirical research on PAI learning, particularly rukhsah material at the junior high school level, is still limited. In line with the results of observations conducted on the PAI learning process at SMPN 1 Buay Madang Timur, it was found that the use of learning models is still not optimal in supporting the development of students' critical thinking skills. In practice, learning is dominated by teacher explanations, while students only listen and take notes. Therefore, there is a research gap related to the effect of implementing the discovery learning model on improving students' critical thinking skills in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning, so this study aims to determine the effect of implementing the discovery learning model in improving the critical thinking skills of seventh grade students of SMPN 1 Buay Madang Timur in Islamic Religious Education learning, especially rukhsah material. This research is a quasi-experimental study using a pretest-posttest control group model. The research was conducted at Junior High School 1 Buay Madang Timur, Oku Timur, South Sumatra, in May-June 2025. The population of this study were seventh-grade junior high school students, and the sample consisted of students in class VII F (experimental group) and students in class VII G (control group). Data collection techniques in this study included tests (critical thinking ability data) and non-tests (field requirements and learning implementation). The instruments used in this study were nine essay questions to measure critical thinking ability that were valid and reliable, as well as interview sheets and observations of the implementation of discovery learning. The research data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative analysis and an paired sample t-test. The first research result was that the implementation of IRE learning on the rukhsah material using the discovery learning model obtained an average learning implementation in the good category (100%) in the opening, core, and closing. The second research result was that the average pre-test and post-test scores in the experimental group increased on average before and after learning. In the experimental group, the pre-test data for critical thinking skills obtained a minimum score of 40, a maximum score of 70, and an average pre-test score of 57. Meanwhile, the post-test scores obtained a minimum score of 78, a maximum score of 100, and an average post-test score of 90. The third research result was that the paired sample ttest obtained a Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.00 < 0.05, indicating a significant difference in the post-test scores of critical thinking skills between the experimental and control groups. These results indicate that the application of the discovery learning model is effective in improving the critical thinking skills of seventh-grade Junior High School students in the rukhsah material in IRE lessons.

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