PENGARUH KOMBINASI HORMON NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid) DAN BAP (6-Benzyl Amino Purine) TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN KALUS EMBRIOGENIK EKSPLAN DAUN STEVIA (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)

Madina Sabila Nabi, NIM.: 21106040017 (2025) PENGARUH KOMBINASI HORMON NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid) DAN BAP (6-Benzyl Amino Purine) TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN KALUS EMBRIOGENIK EKSPLAN DAUN STEVIA (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni). Skripsi thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni has the potential to be used as a natural sweetener that is 300 times sweeter than sucrose, making it highly sought after by the public. Stevia is best harvested before the flowering phase because once it passes this phase, its sugar content will decrease. This makes it difficult to produce seedlings from seeds, while stem cuttings take longer and are limited in number. Tissue culture techniques are needed for propagation, one of which is through callus culture. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of NAA and BAP hormones on the formation of embryogenic callus and to determine the optimal concentration of NAA and BAP hormones for the formation of embryogenic callus from stevia leaf explants. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 9 treatments and 3 replicates. The research was conducted from March to November 2025 at the Embryology Laboratory of UIN Sunan Kalijaga and the Structure and Development Laboratory of UGM. The parameters observed were the days and locations of initial callus, shoot, and root emergence; the percentage of callus, shoot, and root formation; the morphology of callus and shoots; and the percentage of callus in the globular, heart, and torpedo phases. The data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results of this study showed that the fastest, most numerous, and crumbly and compact callus induction was found in the 1 mg/L NAA and 2 mg/L BAP treatments. Meanwhile, the treatment that produced the highest number of globular somatic embryos was the N3B3 treatment, but the average cell size was smaller than that of the N1B2 treatment. The combination of NAA and BAP in this study was able to produce 100% callus and somatic embryos, but they were still in the globular phase, so additional time was needed to observe the further development of somatic embryos.

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