KARAKTERISASI MORFOLOGI DAN KUALITAS BENIH PISANG LIAR (Musa acuminata Colla.)

Kania Ardiya Maharani Putri, NIM.: 21106040069 (2025) KARAKTERISASI MORFOLOGI DAN KUALITAS BENIH PISANG LIAR (Musa acuminata Colla.). Skripsi thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

Indonesia is one of the centers of banana diversity with high genetic variation, particularly in wild banana species such as Musa acuminata Colla. which serves as the genetic ancestor of most cultivated bananas. This study aimed to characterize seed morphology, evaluate seed quality, and identify genetic relationships among eleven accessions of wild banana Musa acuminata Colla. from the collection of the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Cibinong, Bogor, West Java. The accessions studied were Sumba, Cibinong, AS 3.1.6, AS 13.4.1, AS 20.3.1, Alor 2.6.1, Alor 8.1.1, Alor 10.1.5, AKW 55, AKW 59, and AKW 78. In this study, morphological characteristics were obsereved including both qualitative parameters (seed shape, surface texture, seed margin, protrusions, and color pattern) and quantitative parameters (seed dimensions, micropyle size, testa thickness, chalazal size, and endosperm size). Seed quality assessment comprised physical quality (100-seed weight and moisture content) and physiological quality (germination capacity, germination speed, and germination uniformity). The results showed significant morphological variation among accessions. Seed quality in eleven Musa acuminata accessions was still relatively low. Cluster analysis using the UPGMA method based on Euclidean distance revealed two major clusters: Cluster I consisting of AKW 78, Alor 2.6.1, and Alor 10.1.5 with superior morphological and quality characteristics, and Cluster II comprising the remaining eight accessions. The closest genetic relationship was observed between Cibinong and AS 3.1.6 (distance of 3.00), while AKW 78 appeared as an outlier with the most distinct characteristics. This study provides fundamental data supporting germplasm conservation strategies and breeding programs for wild banana Musa acuminata Colla. in Indonesia.

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