IMPLEMENTASI PERJANJIAN BAKU (SYARAT DAN KETENTUAN) PADA LAYANAN SPINJAM BAGI PENERIMA PINJAMAN

Harisma Annisa Al Islam, S.H., NIM.: 23203012050 (2025) IMPLEMENTASI PERJANJIAN BAKU (SYARAT DAN KETENTUAN) PADA LAYANAN SPINJAM BAGI PENERIMA PINJAMAN. Masters thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

This research analyzes the standard agreement in the SPinjam Service, which allegedly contains an exonerating clause that transfers responsibility from the Operator and Fund Provider to the Borrower. This clause is considered to violate the provisions on the drafting of standard agreements in POJK Number 22 of 2023 concerning Consumer and Community Protection in the Financial Services Sector, which expressly prohibits the use of exonerating clauses. The SPinjam service operates publicly and is accessible to the Muslim community, so the presence of this exonerating clause is feared to violate the principle of justice in the context of sharia contract law. In addition, users who do not fully understand the crucial role of standard agreements in contractual relationships also add to the problems in this study. Users only care about fulfilling their urgent needs, so they tend to overlook and ignore the substance of the agreement. This research is qualitative research using a normative-empirical approach. The object of research is the standard agreement (Terms and Conditions) of the SPinjam Service for Borrowers. Data was obtained through direct observation of the Shopee Platform and SPinjam feature, interviews with SPinjam Service users and experts in sharia agreements (Prof. Dr. H. Syamsul Anwar, M.A), and documentation from references or literature related to this research. The analysis of the implementation of standard agreements uses the theory of the principles of Sharia contract law, namely: the principle of ibahah, the principle of freedom of contract, the principle of consensualism, the principle of binding promises, the principle of balance, the principle of benefit, the principle of trust, and the principle of justice. Meanwhile, the analysis of user interpretation uses nudge theory by Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein in the book Nudge Theory by Rudy C Tarumingkeng with the following variables: default options, framing effect, simplification, and salience. The results of this research analysis show that there are six principles of Sharia law that reinforce the element of loss from clauses that contradict POJK Number 22 of 2023 in the implementation of standard agreements in SPinjam Services. These principles include: the principle of ibahah, the principle of freedom of contract, the principle of balance, the principle of maslahah, the principle of trust, and the principle of justice. In addition, user interpretation proves that the blind consent given by users is influenced by positive framing (claims of easy and fast financing services), a lack of emphasis in the presentation of the risks of using the service, the urgency of urgent needs, and a lack of user understanding of the importance of reading and the existence of exonerating clauses. Thus, the removal of problematic clauses and the improvement of the presentation of standard agreements are mandatory alternatives for SPinjam Services to minimize the losses incurred by Borrowers.

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