MODEL KONTRAK KERJA SAMA DIGITAL PERSPEKTIF HUKUM POSITIF DAN HUKUM ISLAM (STUDI PADA PLATFORM TIKTOK, TOKOPEDIA, DAN KONTEN KREATOR)

A. Kafa Billahi Syahida, NIM.: 23203012074 (2025) MODEL KONTRAK KERJA SAMA DIGITAL PERSPEKTIF HUKUM POSITIF DAN HUKUM ISLAM (STUDI PADA PLATFORM TIKTOK, TOKOPEDIA, DAN KONTEN KREATOR). Masters thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

The integration of TikTok Shop and Tokopedia creates legal relationships regulated through digital standard form contracts with performance-based commission schemes. However, this collaborative model raises legal issues, including ambiguity of rights and obligations, imbalanced bargaining positions, unilateral authority of platforms, uncertainty in commission payments, and indications of garar (uncertainty) and tadlīs (fraud) in promotional and affiliate practices. This research examines how contractual justice is reflected in such collaborative arrangements from the perspectives of positive Indonesian law and Islamic law. This research is a normative legal study with a prescriptive-analytical nature, employing statutory, conceptual, and legal content analysis approaches regarding Terms of Service, Affiliate Agreements, and platform monetization policies. The theoretical framework includes contract and ju'ālah theory, concepts of standard form contracts and consumer protection, and an integrated approach combining positive law and Islamic legal principles in digital contracts. Legal content analysis is applied to evaluate contractual clause structures to identify rights imbalances and compliance with principles of justice and maqāṣid syarī'ah, particularly the principle of ḥifẓ al-māl (protection of property) and prohibitions of garar and tadlīs. The results indicate that the tripartite collaborative model between TikTok, Tokopedia, and content creators still contains substantive inequality. Platforms hold dominant control in setting commissions, penalty policies, and unilateral changes to terms without negotiation, potentially conflicting with principles of balance and consumer protection in positive law. From an Islamic legal perspective, the structure of cooperation does not fully meet the requirements of contracts demanding clarity and fairness, and still contains elements of garar that could harm one party. This study recommends the formulation of a transparent, proportional, and equitable tripartite contract model to realize a digital cooperation structure that fulfills legal certainty and aligns with the principles of Islamic justice.

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