KONTINUITAS PEREKRUTAN TENTARA ANAK DALAM KONFLIK BERSENJATA DI SURIAH

Nadya Saltsa Putri Fernnika, NIM.: 22103040225 (2026) KONTINUITAS PEREKRUTAN TENTARA ANAK DALAM KONFLIK BERSENJATA DI SURIAH. Skripsi thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

The recruitment of children as soldiers in armed conflict constitutes a serious violation of human rights and children's rights. The conflict in Syria began with the Arab Spring protests and has since evolved into a protracted war, destroying the social and economic life of the community and leading to the systematic destruction of children by the Syrian regime and the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF). Children are forced to participate in military service, undergo combat training, and experience profound psychological pressure. Data from the UN, SJAC, and Human Rights Watch shows the number of children recruited between 2019 and 2025, demonstrating a synchronized practice despite demobilization efforts. This phenomenon reflects a serious commitment to child protection amid armed conflict and highlights violations of international humanitarian law. This raises the question of why child soldiers are still a problem in the armed conflict in Syria. This study uses a socio-legal research method to examine ongoing legal issues, utilizing the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) principle and the theory of legal effectiveness as analytical tools. This research approach utilizes a juridical-empirical method to understand and explain legal issues by referring to the realities of what happens in the field through case studies. The results of this study indicate that the recruitment of child soldiers in Syria remains a serious problem despite the existence of various international legal instruments prohibiting the involvement of children in armed conflict. This practice persists due to weak law enforcement, economic pressure, and the ideological motives of armed groups, significantly impacting children's rights to education, protection, and opportunities for adequate growth, including psychological trauma, separation from family, and a loss of security. This situation reflects the disharmony between the structure, substance, and culture of law, as theory by Lawrence M. Friedman. Law enforcement agencies are not functioning optimally, legal substances such as the CRC and the OPAC have not been fully implemented, and the legal culture of society normalizes child recruitment. Therefore, the implementation of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) principle needs to be supported by strengthening social awareness, legal education, and collaboration between the government and international institutions to stop the recruitment of child soldiers and ensure the ongoing protection of their rights.

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