KONSTRUKSI SOSIAL ATAS PRAKTIK PEMBAYARAN FIDYAH UNTUK ORANG MENINGGAL DUNIA DI KECAMATAN TUNGKAL ILIR (TRANSISI FIKIH MAZHAB SYAFI‘I KEPADA MAZHAB HANAFI)

M. Yusuf, NIM.: 22103060010 (2026) KONSTRUKSI SOSIAL ATAS PRAKTIK PEMBAYARAN FIDYAH UNTUK ORANG MENINGGAL DUNIA DI KECAMATAN TUNGKAL ILIR (TRANSISI FIKIH MAZHAB SYAFI‘I KEPADA MAZHAB HANAFI). Skripsi thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

This study examines the phenomenon of fidyah payment for deceased individuals as a religious practice that is deeply rooted and continuously sustained within the traditions of the community in Tungkal Ilir District, West Tanjung Jabung Regency. The study focuses on the dynamics of the transition in the community’s understanding of fiqh, which was initially dominated by the Shāfi‘ī school pattern using rice as the medium of fidyah, and later shifted toward the application of the Ḥanafī school perspective that permits the use of valuable objects, such as gold. This transformation has become a significant discourse because it reflects the process of adaptation of classical Islamic law to evolving sociological structures and the practical demands faced by local communities. This research aims to provide an in-depth description of the provisions and practices of fidyah as implemented, to analyze the factors underlying the transition in fidyah payment practices, and to examine comparatively the differences between the two practices. This research is qualitative in nature and employs a normative approach. The data were obtained through library research on classical fiqh texts of the Shāfi‘ī and Ḥanafī schools, as well as through field observations and in-depth interviews with local religious figures and community members. The theoretical framework used in the analysis is the theory of social construction proposed by Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann, which emphasizes the dialectical processes of externalization, objectivation, and internalization in the formation of religious social reality. The findings indicate that the provisions, practices, and transition of fidyah practices in Tungkal Ilir District from Shāfi‘ī fiqh to the Ḥanafī school constitute the result of a systematic social construction process through the stages of externalization, objectivation, and internalization, while also presenting a comparative analysis of both practices. The externalization stage began through the transmission of religious knowledge from the text Fatḥ al-Mubīn by local ulama, who introduced an alternative model of fidyah based on gold. The objectivation stage occurred when this practice was repeatedly carried out, thereby forming a social reality that came to be regarded as legitimate and well established in community life. The internalization stage is reflected in the subjective acceptance by individuals who view the Ḥanafī method as the most relevant solution due to considerations of ease (taysīr) and its compatibility with the local tradition of gold trading. These findings affirm that the shift represents not merely a technical change, but rather a form of Islamic legal response to a dynamic social reality.

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