MODERASI BERTASAWUF Rekonseptualisasi Pemikiran Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah (HAMKA)

Bagas Dermawan, NIM.: 21105010080 (2026) MODERASI BERTASAWUF Rekonseptualisasi Pemikiran Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah (HAMKA). Skripsi thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

This research analyzes the dynamics of Sufism in Indonesia, specifically in Sungai Batang, West Sumatra, which is situated within the polarity between traditional Sufi conservatism (Naqsyabandiyya and Syaṭṭāriyya) and modernist puritan movements (Kaum Muda). The urgency of selecting Hamka as the research subject is based on his unique position as a multidisciplinary intellectual capable of harmonizing spirituality (text) and rationality (reason) amidst modernist skepticism toward Sufism. The primary focus of this study is directed toward answering two main questions: (1) how Hamka criticized extreme Sufi practices (orders/mursyid) in the context of modern Indonesian religion, and (2) how Hamka’s moderation in Sufism is conceptualized within modern Islamic thought. This qualitative research employs a library research method with a descriptive-analytical-philosophical approach toward Hamka’s major works. The conceptual framework is guided by the paradigm of religious moderation (Islām Wasaṭiyyah), which integrates the dimensions of sharīʿa (law) and ḥaqīqa (truth) in a proportional and balanced manner. The objectives of this study are to identify the basic principles of Hamka’s moderation in Sufism (zuhud, qanāʿa, tawakal, and ikhlāṣ) and to analyze his critique of various ritual practices deemed deviant, the phenomenon of the cult of personality, and excessive dependence on spiritual guides. The research results conclude that Hamka’s thought is a manifestation of the symbiosis between creedal purification and social activism, where Sufism functions as an agent of social change rather than spiritual escapism. Placing the principles of tawḥīd (monotheism) as the primary foundation succeeds in strengthening individual soul independence and social responsibility. Ultimately, Hamka’s moderation in Sufism is a form of actualizing faith through concrete action for the public benefit, remaining rooted in the originality of revelation while maintaining flexibility in facing the challenges of changing times.

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