LASKAR HIZBULLAH DAN LASKAR SABILILLAH DALAM HISTORIOGRAFI INDONESIA: KRITIK TERHADAP REPRESENTASI DAN BIAS IDEOLOGI 1975-2020

Moh. Fahsin, NIM.: 19300016123 (2026) LASKAR HIZBULLAH DAN LASKAR SABILILLAH DALAM HISTORIOGRAFI INDONESIA: KRITIK TERHADAP REPRESENTASI DAN BIAS IDEOLOGI 1975-2020. Doctoral thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

This research was conducted because the struggles of the Laskar Hizbullah and Laskar Sabilillah had been marginalized in Indonesian national historiography. In official state historical works, particularly in the National History of Indonesia and Indonesia in the Flow of History, the roles of these troops were not adequately revealed, while the role of the state's regular army was predominantly presented. The official historiographic narrative tended to position the military institution as the primary actor in the armed struggle, thus obscuring the significant contribution of the Islamic-based people's paramilitary troops. Yet the contributions of these troops constituted an important historical event that needed to be revealed: from the Japanese occupation and the post-Proclamation of Independence period to the struggle to defend independence against Allied aggression through guerrilla warfare across various regions, both in Java and outside it. This study analyzes how different historiographic sources from 1975 to 2020—official state accounts, militia narratives, and academic scholarship—construct competing historical narratives. By employing historical methods (heuristics, verification, interpretation, historiography) the analysis shows that state historiography reflects political New Order power and ideological objectives; militiaauthored works represent experiential memory and grassroots perspectives; and academic historians provide a more critical, analytical interpretation that interrogates the other narratives. Guided by Hegel’s critical philosophy of history and frameworks from modern historiography according to Jhon Tosh and Muhammad Ali. This research directly investigates how power and ideology shape historical narratives by perspective Michael Foucoult. It argues that the state narrative (thesis), militia narrative (antithesis), and academic narrative (synthesis) engage in a dialectical process that continually redefines the dominant historiographic structures and exposes the mechanisms behind narrative authority. This research resulted in three findings. First, the general picture of national historiography, particularly shaped during the New Order era, was state-centered, militaristic, and oriented toward political stability. This structure directly contributed to the marginalization of the identity, contributions, and socio-religious dynamics of Laskar Hizbullah and Laskar Sabilillah in official history. Second, this study found an imbalance in representation: official history ignored the religious and social dimensions of the laskar's struggle; the laskar's internal works tended to be heroic and normative; and academic works sought to present a more contextual and critical analysis. Third, this study offered a more open, inclusive, and pluralistic conception of Indonesian historiography by embracing a diversity of sources and perspectives as a basis for developing a future national historiography that is more just, comprehensive, and reflective. This study concludes that Indonesian national historiography during tended to be centralized, militaristic, and ignored religious and social dimensions, so that a more inclusive and pluralistic historiographical approach is needed to create a more just and comprehensive historical narrative in the future.

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