PROBLEMATIKA POLITIK AMBANG BATAS PARLEMEN PERSPEKTIF MASLAHAH MURSALAH (STUDI PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR. 116/PUU-XXI/2023)

Masdar Fahmi Muzakki, NIM.: 21103070073 (2025) PROBLEMATIKA POLITIK AMBANG BATAS PARLEMEN PERSPEKTIF MASLAHAH MURSALAH (STUDI PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR. 116/PUU-XXI/2023). Skripsi thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

The implementation of a parliamentary threshold of 4% of the valid national votes, as stipulated in Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections, aims to simplify the party system and create political stability in parliament. However, this policy presents complex issues in the practice of democracy in Indonesia. One significant impact of the threshold is the loss of millions of votes cast for smaller political parties that fail to meet the threshold, leading to limited political representation and the dominance of major parties in parliament. This raises critical questions about justice and the equal exercise of political rights by citizens within the electoral system. The Constitutional Court Decision No. 116/PUU XXI/2023 serves as a crucial turning point in reassessing the constitutionality of the parliamentary threshold. In its decision, the Court affirmed that the 4% threshold remains constitutional for the 2024 General Election but is conditionally constitutional for the 2029 elections and beyond. This indicates that the threshold must be reviewed with a more just, proportional, and sovereignty respecting approach. This study is a qualitative legal research using a normative juridical approach and library research method. The author examines relevant legal instruments, including the Election Law and Constitutional Court decisions, and employs the theory of maslahah mursalah in Islamic legal theory as an analytical tool. The maslahah mursalah approach emphasizes public benefit and the avoidance of harm in all public policies, including political regulations. The research findings highlight two key points: first, that the 4% parliamentary threshold, intended to simplify the party system, has instead led to representational imbalances, the loss of valid votes, and the dominance of major parties. Second, from the perspective of maslahah mursalah, this policy brings more harm than benefit, as it is unjust and disregards the principle of political representation. Constitutional Court Decision No. 116/PUU XXI/2023 also emphasizes the need to re evaluate this threshold to ensure it aligns with inclusive democracy and the public interest.

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