TELAAH KONSEP KAFA’AH DALAM PERNIKAHAN MENURUT WAHBAH AZ-ZUHAILI (STUDI KITAB AL-FIQH AL-ISLAMI WA ADILLATUHU)

Muhammad Muniful Azka, NIM.: 22103050031 (2026) TELAAH KONSEP KAFA’AH DALAM PERNIKAHAN MENURUT WAHBAH AZ-ZUHAILI (STUDI KITAB AL-FIQH AL-ISLAMI WA ADILLATUHU). Skripsi thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

This study is motivated by the importance of the concept of Kafa’ah (compatibility or suitability between spouses) in Islamic marriage law as a consideration for achieving harmony in marital life. Kafa’ah is understood as the compatibility between a prospective husband and wife in certain aspects, such as religion, lineage, social status, profession, and physical condition. This research examines the concept of Kafa’ah as presented in Al-Fiqh al-Islāmī wa Adillatuhu by Wahbah az-Zuhaili. The research addresses two main questions: how Wahbah az-Zuhaili conceptualizes Kafa’ah and how Imam al-Juwayni’s theory of maṣlaḥah can be applied to analyze the concept of Kafa’ah in marriage. This research is a library study employing a qualitative normative approach with a descriptive-analytical comparative method. Primary data were obtained from the two principal works under study, while secondary data were drawn from books, journal articles, undergraduate theses, master's theses, and other scholarly works related to Kafa’ah and Imam al-Juwayni’s theory of maslahah. Data were collected through documentation by gathering, reviewing, and analyzing written sources relevant to the research focus. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The findings of this study indicate that the concept of Kafa’ah in marriage according to Wahbah az-Zuhaili is a legal instrument aimed at safeguarding the welfare (maṣlaḥah) of women, families, and the sustainability of marital life. This concept can be analyzed through Imam al-Juwayni’s theory of maṣlaḥah, which consists of three levels: maṣlaḥah ḍarūriyyah, ḥājiyyah, and taḥsīniyyah. From the perspective of maṣlaḥah ḍarūriyyah, Kafa’ah is reflected in the prioritization of religious commitment and moral character as the primary criteria of compatibility between spouses in order to preserve religion (ḥifẓ al-dīn) and lineage (ḥifẓ al-nasl). From the perspective of maṣlaḥah ḥājiyyah, Kafa’ah functions as a protective mechanism that enables women and their guardians to consider the compatibility of prospective spouses, thereby preventing hardship, conflict, and potential harm within married life. Meanwhile, from the perspective of maṣlaḥah taḥsīniyyah, Kafa’ah is manifested in the recommendation of compatibility in age and intellectual maturity between prospective spouses, which contributes to enhancing harmony and the overall quality of family relationships. These findings demonstrate that Wahbah az-Zuhaili’s concept of Kafa’ah is not intended to establish rigid social stratification; rather, it serves as a flexible legal mechanism oriented toward the realization of welfare.

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