HUBUNGAN AGAMA DAN NEGARA PERSPEKTIF MUHAMMAD HUSEIN HAIKAL DAN THAHA HUSEIN ALI

M. Imam Muda Akdasuma Akbar, NIM.: 22103060031 (2026) HUBUNGAN AGAMA DAN NEGARA PERSPEKTIF MUHAMMAD HUSEIN HAIKAL DAN THAHA HUSEIN ALI. Skripsi thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

This study examines the relationship between religion and the state from the perspectives of Muhammad Husein Haikal and Thaha Husein Ali. It focuses on comparing the two figures’ views on this relationship, which often becomes a point of contention when discussing systems of government—some favor a democratic system, others a secular one, and still others a traditional monarchy. This highlights the need to question the adaptation of laws and the reasons behind the differing views of thinkers regarding the relationship between religion and the state. This study aims to provide an in-depth description of the views of Muhammad Husein Haikal and Thaha Husein Ali on the relationship between religion and the state, analyze the intellectual trajectories of both figures, and conduct a comparative analysis of their respective perspectives. This is a qualitative study with a normative approach. Data was obtained through a literature review of contemporary works, including political treatises and other literary works. The theoretical framework used by the author in this analysis is Abdul Wahhab Khallaf’s theory of political jurisprudence (fiqh siyasah) and Munawir Sjadzali’s theory of the Religion-State Relationship Paradigm, which can broaden our objective perspective on the relationship between religion and the state. The research findings indicate that Muhammad Husein Haikal and Thaha Husein Ali hold differing views on the relationship between religion and the state; Muhammad Husein Haikal advocates for a symbiotic relationship between the two, as evidenced by his ideas. Meanwhile, according to Thaha Husein Ali, religion and the state must be separated in order to achieve modern civilization, as attained by Western nations, so his thinking is often categorized as secular. The difference in opinion between these two figures stems from the challenges they faced, where Muhammad Husein Haikal sought adaptation, while Thaha Husein Ali sought revolution. Nevertheless, they agreed that Islam never dictates a specific form or system of government, and that Islamic law must be dynamic so that it can respond to the challenges of the times.

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