SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN KONSEP JADAL AL-QUR’AN SEBAGAI SUBGENRE ‘ULUM AL-QUR’AN PADA ABAD 8-12 H

Ahmad Haidar Rofiif, NIM.: 22105030097 (2026) SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN KONSEP JADAL AL-QUR’AN SEBAGAI SUBGENRE ‘ULUM AL-QUR’AN PADA ABAD 8-12 H. Skripsi thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

Consequently, this study identifies the figure of Najmuddīn at-Tūfi as a crucial pivot who legitimised the use of dialectical logic to dissect the verses of the Qur’an through an argumentative reconstruction experiment in his work, ‘Alam al-Jażal. As for the formal integration of jadal into the encyclopaedic tradition of ‘ulūm al-qur’ān, this was pioneered by Badruddīn az-Zarkasyī in al-Burhān and perfected by Jalāluddīn as-Suyūtī in al-Itqān. Both figures conceived of jadal al-qur’ān as a manifestation of rational proof presented in accordance with Arabic linguistic conventions (‘ādat al-’arab), rather than through the technical details of the kalām scholars. This development indicates a methodological shift in which the function of logical instruments began to be redirected to strengthen rhetorical analysis and the demonstration of the i’jāz al-qur’an. This study also refutes the notion of intellectual stagnation following as-Suyūtī by highlighting the contributions of Syah Waliyyullāh ad-Dihlawī in the 12th century AH. Ad-Dihlawī offered a new formulation by integrating the jadal al-qur’ān into the broader concept of asbāb an-nuzūl. He emphasised that the Qur’anic debate with groups such as the Jews, Christians, polytheists, and hypocrites was based on the general premises or concepts of the religion of Ibrahim (al-millah al-hanīfah) and possesses contextual relevance that continues into the modern-contemporary era. In conclusion, this study summarises four main periods in the development of jadal al-qur’ān: the early Islamic period, which was practical in nature; the early medieval period as an intellectual discourse on the text; the late medieval period, characterised by the ‘Arabic turn’; and the modern period, with an emphasis on contextual awareness. These findings confirm that jadal al-qur’ān is the result of intellectual dynamics aimed at demonstrating the rhetorical and argumentative miraculous nature of the Qur’an in the face of various theological challenges throughout history.

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