KONSEP KAFAAH MENURUT SYEKH ABU BAKR BIN MUHAMMAD SYATA DALAM KITAB I’ANAH AT-TALIBIN

Adib Maghfur Munawar, NIM.: 22103050117 (2026) KONSEP KAFAAH MENURUT SYEKH ABU BAKR BIN MUHAMMAD SYATA DALAM KITAB I’ANAH AT-TALIBIN. Skripsi thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

The main problem in this research is the discrepancy between the detailed social criteria of kafaah in the Book of I’ānah aṭ-Ṭālibīn by Syekh Abū Bakr bin Muḥammad Syaṭā which encompasses five aspects, religion (ad-dīn) and maintaining honor (al-‘iffah), nasab (lineage), freedom (al-ḥurriyyah), profession (al-ḥirfah), and freedom from physical defects (al-salāmah min al-‘uyūb), formulated based on the socio-cultural context of the past Hijaz society with the fundamental principles of the Qur'an and Hadith texts which place greater emphasis on religiosity and morality as the primary standards. Therefore, this study focuses on analyzing how these kafaah criteria are classified when examined from the strata of maslahah (darūriyyāt, ḥājiyyāt, and taḥsīniyyāt) as well as their relevance in the context of contemporary marriage. This research is a library research classified as a qualitative study. The nature of this research is descriptive-analytical, employing a deductive method of thinking to dissect legal texts deeply. The research approach used is a normative-philosophical approach through the analytical framework of the theory of maslahah and the concept of maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah formulated by Imam al-Ghazali and developed by Imam asy-Syatibi. Data collection techniques were carried out through document studies or textual analysis, wherein primary data were obtained directly from the Book of I’ānah aṭ-Ṭālibīn, while secondary data were sourced from books, journals, and other literature relevant to the themes of kafaah and maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah. The results show that the classification of kafaah criteria in I’ānah aṭ-Ṭālibīn is divided into three levels: The darūriyyāt (primary) level, namely the religious criterion (al-dīn), which is absolute for hifz al-dīn (protection of religion). The ḥājiyyāt (secondary) level, namely the health criterion or being free from physical defects (al-salāmah min al-'uyūb) to maintain hifz al-nasl (protection of lineage) and harmony. The taḥsīniyyāt (tertiary) level, namely the criteria of nasab, profession, and freedom, which function as complements to social aesthetics. This analysis confirms that in the modern era, the criteria of nasab and profession can no longer be used as rigid, legally binding standards (syarṭ al-luzūm), but rather as highly flexible sociological recommendations to realize sustainable family welfare.

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