WAYANG KULIT SEBAGAI MEDIA DAN SUMBER PENDIDIKAN AKHLAK DI SMK NEGERI 8 SURAKARTA

Suwardi, NIM.: 22304012002 (2026) WAYANG KULIT SEBAGAI MEDIA DAN SUMBER PENDIDIKAN AKHLAK DI SMK NEGERI 8 SURAKARTA. Doctoral thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

Today’s younger generation tends to experience a decline in moral character (akhlak). This condition is indicated by the emergence of an identity crisis and weakened social control within society, particularly among young people. Ideal moral guidance for Javanese people can be found in wayang kulit (Javanese shadow puppetry). Good and bad moral values can be identified through the characters, storylines, and symbols presented in wayang kulit. As part of Javanese culture, wayang kulit serves as both a medium and a source of moral education. Educational media play an important role in the learning process by facilitating the delivery of instructional materials and enhancing students’ motivation. This study aims to: (1) analyze the moral education values contained in the narratives and songs (tembang) of wayang kulit; (2) examine the process of internalizing moral values through the medium of wayang kulit; and (3) identify the contribution of wayang kulit as a medium for moral education at SMK Negeri 8 Surakarta. This study employed a descriptive-analytical field research design using an exploratory sequential mixed-methods strategy that incorporated both qualitative and quantitative data. Data and data sources were obtained through documentation, observation, interviews with teachers and wayang kulit practitioners, and questionnaires administered to students of SMK Negeri 8 Surakarta. Data collection techniques included document analysis, interviews, questionnaires, and observations. Data validity was ensured through data triangulation by comparing findings from observations, interviews, and documentary sources (data triangulation). Data analysis was conducted through: (1) compiling data in the form of fictional elements, symbols, characters, and pitutur (moral advice/counsel) from observations and relating them to quantitative data through functional analysis; (2) identifying themes and topics through qualitative data analysis and linking them to quantitative analysis through factor analysis; and (3) organizing causal and relational patterns between qualitative findings and quantitative data, followed by data confirmation and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that: First, the structure of moral education values in wayang kulit is reflected in ginem (dialogue), characters, storylines (lakon), and gending (traditional musical compositions). These moral values include faith and piety (iman and taqwa), honesty, politeness, peacefulness, responsibility, unity, and appreciation of diversity in accordance with the principle of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Unity in Diversity). Second, the internalization of moral values is carried out through the integration of religious teachings into wayang narratives, performing actions without supervision (honesty), tatahan (the puppet-carving process symbolizing patience), participation in wayang performance processions (discipline and obedience), preparation for performances (unity), understanding the philosophy of gamelan music (respect for diversity), and continuous practice (creativity). Third, the contribution of wayang kulit as a medium for moral education is demonstrated by a correlation index score of r = 0.73, indicating a strong association with positive moral character among students. This study contributes to the development of a wayang kulit-based moral education curriculum integrated with Islamic education. Furthermore, it proposes an educational approach termed the Neuro-Wayang Method, which applies cognitive and affective responses to sounds, visuals, and wayang symbols in shaping behavior.

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