PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI DALAM DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN HIDUP ATAS REKLAMASI DAN INDUSTRI PESISIR DI TELUK JAKARTA

Rakha Mahardika Haura, NIM.: 21103040206 (2026) PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI DALAM DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN HIDUP ATAS REKLAMASI DAN INDUSTRI PESISIR DI TELUK JAKARTA. Skripsi thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

Coastal development through reclamation projects in Jakarta Bay involving various large corporations has triggered significant and permanent marine ecosystem damage and caused profound socio-economic losses for traditional fishing communities. Although environmental legal instruments are available, criminal law enforcement against corporations responsible for environmental destruction remains minimal and tends to cease at the imposition of mere administrative sanctions. This research stems from the phenomenon of legal ineffectiveness by formulating the core problem regarding the reasons why corporate criminal liability for environmental impacts in Jakarta Bay has not functioned optimally. This study is a type of library research that is descriptive-analytical in nature, employing a normative-juridical approach. Data were collected through the examination of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials related to environmental regulations and criminal law. The theoretical framework proposed in this thesis includes corporate criminal liability theories (identification and vicarious liability theories), the principle of fault (mens rea), legal effectiveness theory, and the principle of sustainable development as the basis for analyzing the gap between regulations (das sollen) and law enforcement practices in the field (das sein). The findings indicate that the impact of the suboptimal implementation of corporate criminal liability in Jakarta Bay is the ineffective enforcement of the law against corporations responsible for environmental pollution and degradation. This condition is influenced by weaknesses in the legal framework, difficulties in proving corporate criminal liability, weak supervision and inter-agency coordination, low levels of legal literacy and the weak bargaining position of coastal communities, as well as low legal awareness, all of which hinder effective environmental law enforcement.

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