EPISTEMOLOGI DEPENDEN: STUDI KOMPARASI PEMIKIRAN MURTADHA MUTHAHHARI (1919-1979 M) DENGAN ALVIN I. GOLDMAN (1938-2024 M)

Fatih Ibrahim Putra Muhammad, NIM.: 23205012007 (2026) EPISTEMOLOGI DEPENDEN: STUDI KOMPARASI PEMIKIRAN MURTADHA MUTHAHHARI (1919-1979 M) DENGAN ALVIN I. GOLDMAN (1938-2024 M). Masters thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

The focus of this study is a comparative analysis of Murtadha Muthahhari’s Islamic epistemology and Alvin I. Goldman’s social epistemology. What makes the epistemological thought of these two figures particularly interesting is their shared orientation toward an epistemology that is no longer viewed as independent and self-contained. This means that in both Muthahhari’s and Goldman’s thought, the existing epistemological systems are structured toward a dependent epistemology. Therefore, the objective of this study is to understand and compare the epistemological thought of Murtadha Muthahhari with that of Alvin I. Goldman, both of whom share an orientation toward epistemological dependence. This study was conducted using a qualitative, literature-based method. The data sources for this study were drawn from the Indonesian translation of Murtadha Muthahhari’s work titled “An Introduction to Islamic Epistemology” and Alvin I. Goldman’s work titled “Knowledge in the Social World.” In addition, this study also utilizes other sources, including works written by Murtadha Muthahhari and Alvin I. Goldman themselves, as well as works by other scholars interested in the epistemological thought of both authors. A descriptive analysis was conducted to identify the epistemological concepts of each thinker, thereby analytically identifying the orientation of epistemic dependence, before finally conducting a comparative analysis to identify the similarities and differences between the two thinkers’ philosophies. The results of this study show that the orientation toward epistemic dependence in the thought of Murtadha Muthahhari and Alvin I. Goldman share commonalities, namely the orientation toward epistemic dependence inherent in the thought of both figures, their reliance on empirical experience as the primary source of knowledge, and their belief in epistemic knowledge as the foundation for action. The differences lie in the sources of knowledge recognized by each, the Islamic philosophical nuances in Murtadha Muthahhari’s thought versus the rational-scientific nuances in Alvin I. Goldman’s thought, as well as the systems of justification employed by each. Through this study, the author concludes that epistemic dependence is not synonymous with the absolute surrender of epistemic authority and must still be accompanied by critical evaluation to avoid blind taqlid.

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