KONTROVERSI PENERAPAN HERMENEUTIKA DALAM STUDI AL-QUR'AN DI INDONESIA

Safrudin Edi Wibowo, NIM. 0631522 (2017) KONTROVERSI PENERAPAN HERMENEUTIKA DALAM STUDI AL-QUR'AN DI INDONESIA. Doctoral thesis, UIN Sunan Kalijaga.

[img]
Preview
Text (KONTROVERSI PENERAPAN HERMENEUTIKA DALAM STUDI AL-QUR'AN DI INDONESIA)
BAB I, VI, DAN DAFTAR PUSTAKA.pdf - Published Version

Download (9MB) | Preview
[img] Text (KONTROVERSI PENERAPAN HERMENEUTIKA DALAM STUDI AL-QUR'AN DI INDONESIA)
BAB II, III, IV, DAN V.pdf - Published Version
Restricted to Registered users only

Download (22MB)

Abstract

This dissertation examines the controversy of the application of hermeneutics in the study of the Qur’an in Indonesia, motivated by the escalation of the debate among Indonesian Muslim thinkers who are pro and contra against the controversy. The debate has grown increasingly intense and massive as hermeneutics becomes part of the struggle between Liberal-Progressive and Literal- Fundamentalist Islamists in post reformation. The intensity of the debate between these two poles of thoughts has, on the one hand, spawned creative tension, which gives birth to precious works in the interpretive discourse. However, on the other hand, it cannot be denied that it also leads to destructive tension, as each group tries to negate the existence of the opposing group. Departing from the anxiety, this dissertation traces the history of the idea of applying hermeneutics in the interpretation of the Qur’an in Indonesia, the argument constructs built by the pro and contra groups against hermeneutics, and the causal factors that give birth to the pros and cons. Using the intellectual history approach, this dissertation yields three findings: First, the idea of applying hermeneutics in Indonesia goes through at least three stages: the stage of introducing hermeneutics through external Muslim hermeneutic works which are then followed by Indonesian Muslim thinkers; the stage of hermeneutical discourse by the Indonesian Liberal Islam movement; and the stage of hermeneutics integration in the interpretation of the Qur’an through academic works. Meanwhile, the massive rejection responses come only in the second stage, when hermeneutics becomes part of the Liberal Islam discourse. Second, pro-hermeneutical Muslim thinkers propose three main arguments: (1) they find a crisis and anomaly in the tradition of classical commentaries; (2) the need to shifting paradigm to some concepts, theories and workings of classical science of exegesis; (3) feasible hermeneutics to overcome a number of crises in the classical method of commentary. In contrast, Muslim thinkers of contra-hermeneutics put forward the following argument of rejection: (1) Muslims already have a very adequate tradition of Qur’anic commentary; (2) hermeneutics comes from the Western Christian tradition; (3) the application of hermeneutics will create a new anomaly in the tradition of commentary. Third, the polemics surrounding hermeneutics cannot be separated from the socio-political context post-reformation since 1998. The process of political democratization in Indonesia after the reforms has spawned two typologies of the Islamic movement, ie, the Literal-Scriptural-Conservative Islamist movement and the Liberal- Progressive Islamist movement. In the openness of the reform era, the two Islamic groups enjoy the same public space in voicing their ideas of thought. The idea of applying hermeneutics was born as a criticism of the tendency of literalism-scripturalism that is increasingly strengthened with the growing Literal-Conservative Islamist movement in this era. This dissertation can at least contribute to the development of Islamic sciences. Firstly, this study proves the existence of a number of new understandings that are different from the tradition of tafsir and al-Qur’an before. These new developments are summed up in the notion of a more teo-anthropocentric concept of revelation; a more exegetical method of interpretation between the text, the author and the interpreter; and affirmation of ta’wil as a method of hermeneutics in the Islamic tradition. Secondly, the spirit of the era that lies behind the idea of applying hermeneutics is, among others, the spirit to break the impasse of Islamic thought to respond to the challenges of modernization and globalization. Meanwhile, the rejection of hermeneutics is motivated by the spirit of opposing Western hegemony in the tradition of Islamic thought and the desire to maintain an established tradition of Islamic scholarship. Thirdly, the ideas of pro and contra hermeneutics are disseminated through the network of Islamic Religious College or Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam (PTKI) both public and private, Islamic religious organizations, Islamic studies centers and pesantren institutions. The figures involved in the pros and cons of hermeneutics include campus academics, intellectuals and ulama, activists of Islamic organizations, and activists of Islamic studies in general. [INDONESIA] Disertasi ini meneliti kontroversi penerapan hermeneutika dalam studi al-Qur’an di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya eskalasi perdebatan antara pemikir Muslim Indonesia yang pro dan kontra terhadap penerapan hermeneutika dalam studi al-Qur’an. Perdebatan antara kedua kelompok berkembang menjadi semakin intens dan massif ketika hermeneutika menjadi bagian dari pergumulan antara kelompok Islam Liberal-Progresif dan Islam Literal-Fundamentalis pasca reformasi. Intensitas perdebatan antara dua kutub pemikiran ini, di satu sisi melahirkan ketegangan kreatif (creative tension), yang kemudian melahirkan karya-karya yang cukup berharga dalam diskursus tafsir. Namun di sisi lain, tidak bisa dipungkiri, ketegangan tersebut juga mengarah pada ketegangan destruktif, ketika setiap kelompok berusaha menegasikan eksistensi kelompok yang berseberangan. Berangkat dari kegelisahan tersebut, penelitian disertasi ini menelusuri sejarah gagasan penerapan hermeneutika dalam penafsiran al-Qur’an di Indonesia, konstruks argumen yang dibangun oleh kelompok yang pro dan kontra hermeneutika, serta faktor-faktor penyebab yang melahirkan pro-kontra tersebut. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sejarah intelektual, penelitian disertasi ini menghasilkan tiga temuan: Pertama, gagasan penerapan hermeneutika di Indonesia setidaknya melewati tiga tahap, yaitu: tahap pengenalan hermeneutika melalui karya-karya hermeneut Muslim luar yang kemudian diikuti oleh pemikir Muslim Indonesia; tahap pewacanaan hermeneutika oleh gerakan Islam Liberal Indonesia dan tahap integrasi hermeneutika dalam penafsiran al-Qur’an melalui karya-karya akademik. Sementara itu, respon penolakan secara massif baru muncul pada tahap kedua, yaitu ketika hermeneutika menjadi bagian dari wacana Islam Liberal. Kedua, para pemikir Muslim yang pro-hermeneutika mengajukan tiga argumen utama, yaitu: (1) mereka menemukan adanya krisis dan anomali dalam tradisi tafsir klasik; (2) perlunya pergeseran paradigma (shifting paradigm) terhadap beberapa konsep, teori dan cara kerja ilmu tafsir klasik; (3) hermeneutika fisibel untuk mengatasi sejumlah krisis dalam metode tafsir klasik. Sebaliknya, para pemikir Muslim kontra-hermeneutika mengajukan argumen penolakan berikut: (1) umat Islam sudah memiliki tradisi tafsir al-Qur’an yang sangat memadai; (2) hermeneutika berasal dari tradisi Barat-Kristen; (3) penerapan hermeneutika akan menciptakan anomali baru dalam tradisi tafsir. Ketiga, polemik seputar hermeneutika tidak dapat dilepaskan dari konteks sosio-politik pasca reformasi 1998. Proses demokratisasi politik di Indonesia setelah reformasi telah melahirkan dua tipologi gerakan Islam, yaitu gerakan Islam Literal- Skriptural-Fundamentalis dan gerakan Islam Liberal-Progresif. Dalam keterbukaan era reformasi, kedua kelompok Islam tersebut menikmati ruang publik yang sama dalam menyuarakan gagasangagasan pemikirannya. Gagasan penerapan hermeneutika lahir sebagai kritik terhadap kecenderungan literalisme-skripturalisme yang semakin menguat dengan berkembanganya gerakan Islam Literal-Konservatif pada era ini. Penelitian disertasi ini setidaknya dapat memberikan kontribusi bagi pengembangan ilmu-ilmu keislaman. Pertama, penelitian ini membuktikan adanya sejumlah pemahaman baru yang berbeda dengan tradisi ilmu tafsir dan al-Qur’an sebelumnya. Perkembangan baru tersebut tersimpul dalam gagasan tentang konsep wahyu yang lebih teo-antroposentris, metode penafsiran yang lebih memberikan peran berimbang antara teks, pengarang dan penafsir; dan peneguhan ta’wil sebagai metode hermeneutika dalam tradisi Islam. Kedua, semangat zaman yang melatarbelakangi gagasan penerapan hermeneutika antara lain semangat untuk memecahkan kebuntuan pemikiran Islam guna merespon tantangan modernisasi dan globalisasi. Sementara itu, penolakan terhadap hermeneutika dilatarbelakangi oleh semangat menentang hegemoni Barat dalam tradisi pemikiran Islam dan keinginan untuk mempertahankan tradisi keilmuan Islam yang telah mapan. Ketiga, penyebaran gagasan pro dan kontra hermeneutika disebarkan melalui jaringan Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam (PTKI) baik negeri maupun swasta, ormas-ormas keagamaan Islam, pusat-pusat studi keislaman dan institusi pesantren. Para tokoh yang terlibat dalam pro dan kontra hermeneutika meliputi kalangan akademisi kampus, kaum intelektual dan ulama, para aktivis ormas Islam dan pegiat studi Islam pada umumnya.

Item Type: Thesis (Doctoral)
Additional Information: 1. Dr. H.M. Amin Abdullah 2. Dr. H. Hamim Ilyas, MA.
Uncontrolled Keywords: hermeneutika
Subjects: Tafsir Al-Qur'an > Tafsir Al Qur'an - Metode
Divisions: Pascasarjana > Disertasi > Ilmu Agama Islam
Depositing User: Sugeng Hariyanto, SIP (sugeng.hariyanto@uin-suka.ac.id)
Date Deposited: 22 Dec 2017 14:27
Last Modified: 22 Dec 2017 14:27
URI: http://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/28739

Share this knowledge with your friends :

Actions (login required)

View Item View Item
Chat Kak Imum