CULTURAL POLITICS OF INDONESIAN ELITE ABDURRAHMAN WAHID IN DEVELOVMENT DEMOCRACY

Subaidi, - (2021) CULTURAL POLITICS OF INDONESIAN ELITE ABDURRAHMAN WAHID IN DEVELOVMENT DEMOCRACY. Pascasarjana UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta.

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Abstract

The institutionalization of democracy in Indonesia as a pluralistic nation of population, culture and religion experiences various obstacles, especially the implementation of democracy which is not sensitive to culture and tradition with values that live and develop in society. This paper wants to reveal how the work of cultural politics that was carried out by Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) during his position as a national leader played a role in democratization. This paper looks at democracy and democratization in cultural politics. The operation of cultural politics in democratization is the dismantling of the hegemony of the meaning of democracy through a charismatic political actor by means of; (1) reinterpreting democracy based on communalistic and paternalistic cultural values of society, (2) changing values in order to form an adaptable value system. So the role of cultural politics in democratization is its ability to build democratization in a pluralistic and pluralist Indonesian society, through dismantling the hegemony of meaning in society that has been developing so far, by dramatizing politics in a cultural context and politicizing culture with political ideas. This is done through controversial discursive actions, as a unique pattern of cultural politics by the actor in the democratization process. Therefore, the findings in this study show that the concepts of democracy and democratization are not only assessed as a form of formulation to institutional rules, but as the actualization of democratic values in the context of local culture through the process of establishing a democratic tradition that upholds universal human values, equality and plurality. Democratization through cultural politics is a process of democratizing democracy that is not trapped in hegemony and anarchism, although this approach emphasizes the role of charismatic political actors and the existence of controversial discursive actions that are transformative as a battering ram and door of change in building values that are believed to be democratic values. The democratization of cultural politics is a democracy of tawassuthiyah (middle way democracy) between hegemony-proceduralism and democracy that provides freedom of expression which can lead to anarchism. Democratization which focuses on the values of the substance of democracy; (1) Emphasizing the actualization of democratic values in the context of local culture through the power of political actors. (2) Innovative democratization praxis, which emphasizes more on micro-political matters. (3) Expression of democratic values as a form of transformation in the local context, in order to dismantle the key discourses that impede the democratization process, to dismantle the hegemonic structures that hinder the democratization process.

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