KONSEP PASAR DALAM SISTEM EKONOMI ISLAM (SEBUAH PRAKTIK DI PASAR BERINGHARJO YOGYAKARTA)

Yuana Tri Utomo, NIM.: 17300016049 (2022) KONSEP PASAR DALAM SISTEM EKONOMI ISLAM (SEBUAH PRAKTIK DI PASAR BERINGHARJO YOGYAKARTA). Doctoral thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

Beringharjo market as a traditional market has been famous to foreign countries. The factor causing its fame is because it has a long history related to the Yogyakarta Palace which in fact is the Islamic Mataram Sultanate. This condition strengthens the position of Beringharjo market until it continues to exist in modern times until now. This study aims to describe the concept of traditional markets in Islamic history and economic practices in Beringharjo market. This research uses phenomenological, philosophical, and historical approaches with the theoretical framework of Anas Zarqa and Yahya bin Umar. The phenomenological approach is used to see the phenomenon of economic practice in the Beringharjo market in the face of modernity, the philosophical approach is used to examine the normative literature of Islamic teachings, the historical approach is used to read the historical journey of the Beringharjo market. This research found information about the concept of market in Islam, the development of the concept and practice of Beringharjo Market in the era of Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat as the Islamic Mataram Sultanate, as well as Islamic values in Beringharjo Market. The concept of markets in Islam was practiced by the Prophet Muhammad SAW with his companions since the hijra in Medina. The concept of traditional markets in Islamic history is a form of direct trading between sellers and buyers. Trading in traditional Islamic markets sells products that are in accordance with Shari'a at dynamic prices following developments in the market. The traditional Islamic market with trade as the main activity is the source of the country's economy that guarantees the growth and equal distribution of wealth to the entire community. The state sends market watchdogs (hisbah) to supervise the market, either supervising sellers and buyers simultaneously, or sellers and buyers individually. Economic practice in Beringharjo market from its historical point of view is divided into three periods: the pristine period, the transition period, and the post-independence period. In the period of still being pure, the condition of Beringharjo market in accordance with the concept of traditional Islamic markets was carried out by two sectors of market players and under the supervision of ki bekel tandha as abdi dalem (courtiers) of the Yogyakarta Palace. The transition period was marked by Dutch intervention through the cultuurstelsel (forced planting) policy and some cases of nuthuk (too high pricing) that occurred due to market managers not being entrusted. In this era, Beringharjo market entered the influence of capitalism from the Dutch which could not be contained. In the postindependence period, the history of the greatness of the Beringharjo market with social capital can be used as a foundation for enthusiasm in the face of the free market of capitalism. Beringharjo market can be a traditional Islamic market as it used to be in Islamic history. The spirit of the golong gilig, manunggaling kawula gusti, and Islamic economic philosophies that exist in the souls of market players deserve attention to be carried out the next study in order to realize hamemayu hayuning bawana.

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