PUBLIC SPHERE DAN POLITIK PROTES GENDER: TRANSFORMASI GERAKAN FEMINISME ERA PRESIDEN MANSHOUR HADI

Anisa Isdiyanti, NIM.: 20200011126 (2023) PUBLIC SPHERE DAN POLITIK PROTES GENDER: TRANSFORMASI GERAKAN FEMINISME ERA PRESIDEN MANSHOUR HADI. Masters thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

Yemen is a conservative country where there are many gender biases in terms of women's rights in the fields of education, health, and the economy. In addition, Yemen is classified as a poor country in the Middle East and is not free from conflict, both ethnic and religious. Yemeni women become powerless due to religious authority and repressive social structures, so they accept injustice in their position as part of society. This causes the role of women in Yemen to be marginalized in the political, economic, and social spaces. This study aims to explore and examine the emergence of the politics of gender protest in the Yemeni public space during the reign of Manshour Hadi from 2012 to 2020. Jürgen Habermas's public sphere approach in the context of public space has an important role in democracy because it allows citizens to meet, communicate, and make collective decisions, as well as influence public policy. Then, the approach of the gender movement with the political concept of women's piety Saba Mahmood's views on religion and freedom, capitalism, and liberalism in contemporary conflicts in the Middle East are used to understand a Yemeni women's movement present in the public space voicing gender equality. In addition, Juliet Mitchell's socialist-Marxist feminism approach to capitalism and patriarchy is used to examine the division of labor between women and men and the separation between men in the public world and women in the domestic world. The method used is a qualitative method with a literature study data collection technique. The research results obtained revealed that efforts to empower women in Yemen encountered various obstacles due to a lack of capacity among women leaders, political and economic instability, and a lack of a culture of political support. In this study, the authors found that a strong patriarchal culture attached to religious dogmas became a benchmark for the failure of Yemeni women's empowerment. Politically, there are efforts by the Yemeni government to support the women's empowerment strategy to achieve gender equality, but socially, the community, especially traditional figures, do not support the existence of a gender equality empowerment strategy.

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