INTERAKSI AGAMA DAN TRADISI LOKAL (Studi Akulturasi dan Apropriasi dalam Bangunan Rumah Ibadah Masjid Agung Rantepao dan Gereja St. Theresia Rantepao di Toraja)

Anthonius Michael, NIM.: 1630016019 (2023) INTERAKSI AGAMA DAN TRADISI LOKAL (Studi Akulturasi dan Apropriasi dalam Bangunan Rumah Ibadah Masjid Agung Rantepao dan Gereja St. Theresia Rantepao di Toraja). Doctoral thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

The interaction between culture and religion in Toraja brings about social changes in various aspects of life. The cultured Toraja people get a new content of spirituality, while religion gets a new means to introduce the wealth of their faith. As a result of this interaction, the Toraja people are often confronted with clashes between traditions and religious teachings. Issues of culture and religious beliefs are one of the social problems encountered in today’s Toraja society. The pros and cons of using cultural symbols in the implementation of religious ceremonies are always a source of debate. This research examines the forms of religious and cultural interaction expressed in houses of worship in Toraja, namely the Great Mosque of Rantepao and the Church of St. Theresia of Rantepao, as the object of research. The three things that are the main studies are how the acculturation and appropriation of Islam and Catholicism in Toraja is in the house of worship at the Great Mosque and the Church of St. Theresia of Rantepao, what are the differences in the acculturation and appropriation of Islam and Catholicism in the Great Mosque of Rantepao and the Church of St. Theresia of Rantepao, and what are the cultural challenges and opportunities for Islam and Catholicism in Toraja. This research is qualitative research with a descriptive-analytic approach. The author approaches the object of anthropological research by using acculturation theories which view that there is always a mutual influence and adjustment between two cultures that meet. Research data was obtained from participatory observation, interviews, and documentation. This research is intended to find patterns of interaction between religion and culture. The process of interaction of religion and culture of Toraja has succeeded in forming a distinctive religious community in Toraja society, which practice religious teachings well but also uphold the cultural values that exist in society. The Great Mosque of Rantepao and the Church of St. Theresia of Rantepao are a form of acculturation of religious teachings regarding houses of worship and architecture of the Toraja people. The architecture of the Great Mosque of Rantepao and the Church of St. Theresia of Rantepao not only displays and takes into account the serenity and solemnity of the congregation when performing worship but also displays friendliness to the environment that upholds Toraja culture. The mosque and church buildings accommodate various symbols of the Toraja people. This study found that the acculturation process of Islam in the Great Mosque of Rantepao had reached the stage of accommodation and adaptation, while the acculturation process in the Church of St. Theresia of Rantepao came to the integration process. In addition, it was also found that the appropriation of the Great Mosque of Rantepao lies in the use of the longa (the roof of the building) and tongkonan (the traditional ancestral house) decorations, while the appropriation of the Church of St. Theresia of Rantepao can be seen in the use of alang (reed) as tabernacles which are decorated with reed ornaments.

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