ULAMA DAN GERAKAN NASIONALISME DI WILAYAH BARAT SELATAN ACEH, 1945-1972

Septian Fatianda, NIM.: 21201021020 (2023) ULAMA DAN GERAKAN NASIONALISME DI WILAYAH BARAT SELATAN ACEH, 1945-1972. Masters thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

Aceh is already very familiar with framing as a region that is rebellious and anti against the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). This assumption is not without reason because after the era of Indonesian independence, in 1953 Aceh with the figure of Teungku Muhammad Daud Beureueh launched a Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia (DI/TII) rebellion which had the aim of establishing Darul Islam in Aceh. The notion that "Aceh is anti-NKRI", which has already become a national public consumption, when viewed from historical facts is not entirely true. Because in the South West region of Aceh, there were scholars who had great influence choosing to reject DI/TII in Aceh and pro-Soekarno and the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. These scholars are Sheikh Muda Waly al-Khalidy in South Aceh, and Habib Muda Seunagan in West Aceh/Nagan Raya. This study aims to explain how the form of rejection by Aceh's Southwest Ulama towards the DI/TII movement; and why these clerics chose to be pro towards President Soekarno and rejected all forms of ideology that wanted to separate Aceh from the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. This thesis research uses the historical method which consists of four stages, namely heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiographical processes. Furthermore, this study uses a socio-political approach and is assisted by Max Webber's charismatic leadership theory. The results obtained from the research show that two major Islamic scholars in South West Aceh reject the influence and movement of DI/TII in their area because the movement is considered a bughah and unlawful act because it opposes the legitimate government. To stem and defend their territory from the threat of this DI/TII group, Sheikh Muda Waly and Habib Muda Seunagan formed a special force called the Village Fence Organization (OPD) and the Peudeng Panyang Troops which in history resulted in civil war between Muslims in Aceh. Furthermore, the reason underlying the Ulama in the South West rejected the DI/TII movement and chose to be pro NKRI was because Soekarno at that time was seen as having the status of Ulil amri dharuri bi asy-syaukah. Apart from that, the condition of ethnic diversity and the strong influence of Sufism made the clerics and people in the South West region choose to be more nationalist than the clerics and people in the North East region of Aceh who often rebelled against the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.

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