ISLAM AND POWER Measuring the View of Surakarta Ulama against the Nation

Noorhaidi Hasan, - and Anas Aijudin, - (2019) ISLAM AND POWER Measuring the View of Surakarta Ulama against the Nation. In: POLITICS, ULAMA, AND NARRATIVES OF NATIONHOOD: Fragmentation of Religious Authority in Indonesian Cities. Center for the Study of Islam and Society (PPIM) UIN Jakarta, Jakarta, pp. 3-23. ISBN 978-623-95035-5-0

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Abstract

Ulama are important figures that characterize the religious, social, political, and national dynamics of Indonesia from time to time. The trace of their involvement in rolling the national discourse can be seen long before Indonesia’s independence. In the Alim Ulama National Assembly in 1935 in Banjarmasin, for example, ulama who joined the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) explicitly issued a fatwa that Indonesia would later stand as “Darussalam”, a safe and peaceful country. Likewise, when various events occurred before independence, the ulama had become the cornerstone of the teachers and layers of the foundation of Indonesia’s national ideology. The role of K.H. Wahid Hasyim (NU), Ki Bagus Hadikusumo (Muhammadiyah) and Kasman Singodimejo (Masyumi), to name a few figures, were very important in encouraging negotiations which eventually led to Pancasila being established as the basis of the Indonesian state. The success of the ulama in playing the politics of nationality cannot be separated from their ability to spread religious ideas and knowledge through planting habitus. As “a system that is durable, disposable, structures that function in structuring structures”, habitus guides a person to act or not to act. It becomes embedded social values and is built through a long-term socialization process (longue-durée). Habitus is a principle that “produces and regulates practices and representations that can be adjusted objectively without assuming the ultimate goal and/or revealing the mastery of operations needed to achieve them” (Bourdieu 1995). In other words, habitus is a structure that is accepted through the experience of figures in internalizing the objective structure of the social world.

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