INKLUSIVITAS DAN INOVASI SOSIAL LEMBAGA FILANTROPI ISLAM DI INDONESIA: PERSPEKTIF MAQASID SYARIʿAH

Indah Piliyanti, NIM.: 17300016024 (2022) INKLUSIVITAS DAN INOVASI SOSIAL LEMBAGA FILANTROPI ISLAM DI INDONESIA: PERSPEKTIF MAQASID SYARIʿAH. Doctoral thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

This dissertation analyzes the patterns of social innovation within civil society-based Muslim philanthropic organizations, which are referred to as Lembaga Amil Zakat (LAZ). Social innovation is one of the keys to the sustainability of Islamic philanthropic organizations amidst the complex problems of modern society. The study of sustainability of LAZ, as a nonprofit organization, is necessary as because the legitimacy of philanthropic organizations is contingent upon public trust. To increase the legitimacy and sustainability of LAZ in managing Islamic philanthropic funds, LAZ has utilized various strategies to ensure organizational resilience to both internal and external organizational changes by, among other things, upholding maqāsid syarīʿah (goals of sharia) of zakat and fostering public welfare. In conducting this research, I have used the qualitative method. Data were collected through interviews, observations and documentation to describe the organizational development of LAZ. The case study approach was utilized to explore the nature of social innovation, organizational scales and institutional networks of two major philanthropic organizations (LAZ) in Indonesia: Dompet Dhuafa (DD) and Pos Keadilan Peduli Umat (PKPU). To enrich and strengthen my analysis, I also use the contemporary concept of maqāsid theory developed by Jasser Auda (2015). By analyzing the organizational patterns of two Islamic philanthropic organizations, this dissertation shows how two types of social innovation (institutional expansion and empowerment projects) have had profound impacts on the sustainability and legitimacy of LAZ. DD and PKPU have made attempts to foster social innovation by maintaining their Islamic identity, strengthening entrepreneural concepts and intensifying resource mobilization. Beneth the surface, social innovation promoted by DD and PKPU is in line with maqāsid syarīʿah (the objectives of Islamic law). Based on the principles Islamic law, these two philanthropic organizations have also promoted inclusive values and ideas in philanthropy such as justice, equality, tolerance, and humanistic approach to alleviate poverty. In order to attain the objective of Islamic law, DD and PKPU has initiated organizational changes while consistently preserving Islamic identity. As DD and PKPU relied their sources on public support and donation, especially from the Muslim communities, preserving Islamic identity became DD’s and PKPU’s priority. One of the most important finding that this dissertation would argue is that social innovation formulated in LAZ has led to the inception of “religious values” that underpin giving (zakat and sedekah) behavior among urban Muslim communities. This “religious value” adds new value creation parameters from social innovations that were previously developed by Luis Portales (2019): economic, social, environmental and institutional values creation. Above all, by referring to maqāsid syarīʿah, Islamic philanthropic organizations are expected to address a broder economic dimension of poverty by comprehensively paying attention to a multidimensional poverty.

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