AL-JANIB AL-SHOUFI FI FIKRI ABI HAYAN AL-TAUHIDI

Muhammad Subhan Ashari, NIM: 1630016032 (2023) AL-JANIB AL-SHOUFI FI FIKRI ABI HAYAN AL-TAUHIDI. Doctoral thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

This study discusses the tasawuf or mysticism concept of Abu Hayyan Al-Tauhidi, in particular the amaliyyah or practice and makrifat aspects. Abu Hayyan’s contradictory personality and Sufism thoughts, which have never been subjects to an in-depth study, underlie the research. What matters with Abu Hayyan Al-Tauhidi’s Sufism is his prominence in spite of his frequent complaint about fortune. Besides, he sometimes thought contradictorily; he admired reason very much while, at the same time, denying it with regard to religious matters and divinity. From the above points, the author defines research questions. 1) Why was Abu Hayyan Al-Tauhidi recognized as a Sufi in spite of his fortune complaint? 2) How could he be so rationalist, but denied rationale when dealing with religion? 3) What new points one could gain after learning Abu Hayyan’s tasawuf? Analytical descriptive method was employed in this study to explain and analyze the findings, in addition to adamer hermeneutics method to further uncover the tasawuf concept of his. The study resulted some points. 1) Abu Hayyan Al-Tauhidi had a distinct concept of zuhud. It does not necessarily mean poor; a zuhud may be very wealthy. However, he criticized it and said that it was hard to stay zuhud when wealth and properties were around. So at the end of his life he would leave them all behind. 2) Abu Hayyan Al-Tauhidi set sharia apart from philosophy, and revelation from mind because sharia was based on revelation and submission while philosophy on mind and thought. 3) A new Sufi characteristic was uncovered and the researcher named it “critical Sufi spiritualism”. This characteristic was set under two criticisms: of muktazilah theology and of ikhwan shafa philosophy. And herein Abu Hayyan Al-Tauhidi initiates a new way to know and understand God, which is inspiration. This inspiration method, however, is subjective. So he proposed morals (or akhlak) a new standard to view the righteousness of understanding God (makrifat Tuhan). This study is highly important as it proposes a new solution for mind and revelation controversy as well as the haves and the haves not controversy within Sufi discourse.

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