AGAMA DAN MULTIKULTURALISME DALAM KARYA SASTRA INTELEKTUAL MUSLIM PROGRESIF INDONESIA

Erik Tauvani Somae, S.H.I., M.H., NIM.: 18300016076 (2025) AGAMA DAN MULTIKULTURALISME DALAM KARYA SASTRA INTELEKTUAL MUSLIM PROGRESIF INDONESIA. Doctoral thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

This dissertation examines religion and multiculturalism in the literary works of Indonesia’s progressive Muslim intellectuals. The material object of this study is the body of literary works produced by progressive Muslim intellectuals in Indonesia, while its formal object is religion and multiculturalism. The research departs from Indonesian progressive Muslim literary works that engage with issues of religion and multiculturalism. The relationship between religion and multiculturalism is inherently dynamic; yet, some segments of society hold that religion must remain detached from culture. Consequently, a relationship that should be compromise-oriented often becomes confrontational. Amid the factual multiculturalism of a nation, this separation not only fails to address existing problems but also distances them from viable solutions by detaching them from their contextual grounding. Such circumstances have given rise to progressive multicultural literature as an alternative form of literary expression that integrates religious and multicultural values. Based on this background, the dissertation poses three main research questions: (1) Why have religion and multiculturalism become significant issues in literary discourse? (2) How do the literary works of Indonesia’s progressive Muslim intellectuals represent religious and multicultural values? and (3) What are the meanings and implications of integrating religious and multicultural values within these works for contemporary Islamic and Indonesian discourses? This research employs a descriptive–analytical method within a library research framework. Data were collected through the identification and selection of literary works by Indonesia’s progressive Muslim intellectuals. The study adopts Meyer Howard Abrams’s pragmatic theory of literature as its reading paradigm, combined with an interdisciplinary approach incorporating theories of multiculturalism, hermeneutics, Jabirian epistemology (bayani–burhani–irfani), and the Maqāṣid al- Sharī‘ah framework. The findings reveal, first, that progressive Muslim intellectuals embody three main characteristics: (1) they are critical and non-apologetic; (2) they emphasize concrete social action and transformation; and (3) they are future-oriented. Second, the concept of multiculturalism encompasses ideas of humanity, pluralism, equality, freedom, and tolerance. Third, the construction of religion and multiculturalism in Indonesian progressive Muslim literature is built upon mutually reinforcing relations. Fourth, the implications of this study can be categorized into two major domains. Conceptually, the integration of religion and multiculturalism in literature leads to: (1) literature as a means of reflection and national unity; (2) the promotion of religious and intercultural literacy; (3) the creation of spaces for encounter and dialogue; and (4) the development of multiculturalism in response to contemporary change. In terms of literary orientation, this integration points toward a progressive multicultural literature characterized by: (1) the synthesis of bayani, burhani, and irfani epistemologies; (2) grounding in Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah; (3) a framework rooted in Indonesian and humanistic values; and (4) a forward-looking perspective.

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