EXPOSING PATRIARCHAL SIGNS THROUGH FOCALIZATION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RONGGENG DUKUH PARUK AND A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS

Vivi Ardisita, NIM.: 21101050083 (2025) EXPOSING PATRIARCHAL SIGNS THROUGH FOCALIZATION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RONGGENG DUKUH PARUK AND A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS. Skripsi thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

Patriarchal problems should be understood from both male and female perspectives in order to achieve a more balanced and objective view, and focalization can be the proper technique to reveal such issues in literary works. Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk and A Thousand Splendid Suns similarly address the issue of patriarchy. However, the proportion of male and female perspective presented in each novel differs, which create the potential for bias in how patriarchy is depicted. Using descriptive comparative qualitative method, this research aims to expose the patriarchal signs through focalization. It applied two theories: Mieke Bal’s Narratology theory focusing on focalization by identifying the relationship between the ‘vision,’ the agent that sees, and that which is seen—often referred to as a link between the subject’s perception and the object (Bal, 2009b, p. 149)—and Sylvia Walby’s Patriarchy concept that identify the practices where men dominate, oppress, and exploit women (Walby, 1990, p. 20). Based on the analysis of both novels, this research identifies different space where patriarchy occurs. While it is mostly present in the public sphere in Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk, it primarily occurs in the private sphere in A Thousand Splendid Suns. In the former, it can be drawn from the internal and external focalizations of both round and flat characters, primarily events that happen in culture and related to male violence. Meanwhile, in the latter, it is based internal and external focalization of mostly the round characters, that frequently happens in household production. This research also found that internal focalization allows readers to understand patriarchy more fully, while the external one cannot provide a complete picture.

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